agenting,阿根廷的简介

Answer 1

阿根廷共和国是南美洲南部的一个联邦共和制，与智利、玻利维亚、巴拉圭、巴国相接壤，东南面向大西洋。国土面积2，901，400平方公里，它是拉丁美洲面积第二大国，世界面积第八大国，南美洲国家联盟成员。首都为布宜诺斯艾利斯。阿根廷和英国在马尔维纳斯群岛存在主权争议，目前属英国实际控制。同时阿根廷还主张拥有南极大陆上100万平方公里的土地主权。阿根廷是世界上综合国力较强的发展中国家之一。阿根廷是拉美经济较发达的国家，是世界粮食和肉类的主要生产和出口国之一。工业门类较齐全，农牧业发达。阿根廷受益于丰富的自然资源、高度受教育的人口、出口导向的农业部门以及多样的工业基础，因此在历史上有一个相对于其它拉丁美洲国家庞大的中产阶级。

阿根廷国旗呈长方形，长与宽之比约为5：3。自上而下由浅蓝、白、浅蓝三个平行相等的横长方形组成，白色长方形中间是一轮“五月的太阳”。太阳本体酷似一张人脸，是阿根廷发行的第一枚硬币的图案，沿太阳本体圆周等距离分布着32根弯直相间的光芒线。浅蓝色象征正义，白色象征信念、纯洁、正直和高尚；“五月的太阳”象征自由和黎明。每年6月20日为国旗日——1810年，阿根廷爆发了著名的五月革命，推翻了西班牙总督，开始了伟大的独立战争。为了鼓舞士气，指引部队作战，领导独立战争的贝尔格拉诺将军亲自设计并指导制作了一面浅蓝色和白色相间的旗帜。这两种颜色分别象征着纯洁和虔诚。1816年7月9日，阿根廷共和国宣布成立时，升起的就是这面旗帜。从此，它被正式确定为阿根廷国旗。

相关链接：

百度百科 阿根廷  http://baike.sogou.com/v52722.htm

Answer 2

阿根廷共和国（西语：República Argentina）是位于南美部的一个联邦共国家，与智利、玻利维亚拉圭、巴西等国相接壤，东南面向大西洋。它是拉丁美洲面积第二大国，世界面积第八大国。首都为布宜诺斯艾利斯。阿根廷和英国在马尔维纳斯群岛存在主权争议，目前属英国支配中。同时阿根廷还主张拥有南极大陆上100万平方公里的土地主权。阿根廷受益于丰富的自然资源、高度受教育的人口、出口导向的农业部门以及多样的工业基础，因此在历史上有一个相对于其它拉丁美洲国家庞大的中产阶级，但在经历了一系列的经济危机后逐步萎缩。

--------------------百度百科

Answer 3

　　阿根廷共和国位于南美洲。东临大西洋。面积2 7 7 6 8 8 9 平方千海岸线长3 8 0 0 多千米。中白种人占9 7 % ，是南美各国中白种人比率最高的国家。多信天主教。西班牙语为官方语言。1 5 3 5 年开始沦为西班牙殖民地。1 8 1 6 年7 月9 日正式独立。1 9 7 2 年2 月1 9 日同我国建交。

　　自然概况

　　东部是普拉塔平原，西部是安第斯山脉，南部是巴塔哥尼亚高原。地处亚热带和温带，东北部年平均降水量5 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 毫米，其它地区2 0 0 - 5 0 0 毫米。主要矿物有铅、锌、铝、锰、锡、银、钨、钽、铌、铍、锂、铀、铜、石油、天然气等。森林面积占全国面积3 2 % 。

　　经济概况

　　农牧业为主的国家。全国土地5 1 % 为牧场，9 % 为农耕地。主要牲畜是牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、马等。主要农作物有小麦、玉米、黑麦、向日葵、燕麦等。其它有棉花、马铃薯、水果、油橄榄等。阿根廷是南美工业比较发达的国家，工业主要有肉类包装、面粉、纺织、水泥等，石油开采、钢铁、石油提炼、机械制造等工业发展较快。出口玉米、肉类、小麦、羊毛、亚麻子等，其中牛肉出口量居世界第一位。进口机械、金属材料、化学品、蔬菜等。陆上交通以铁路为主，全长3 5 0 0 0 多千米，公路长2 9 万千米。

　　重要城市

　　布宜诺斯艾利斯：首都，全国政治、经济、文化中心和主要港口。工业以肉类加工和制革为主。罗萨里奥：全国第二大城市。为中部和北部各省进出口港。

　　其它

　　重要节日：国庆日5 月2 5 日。马黛茶节1 1 月第2 个星期。

　　与我国建交日：1 9 7 2 年2 月1 9 日。

　　货币：比索。

　　时差：比格林尼治时间晚3 小时；比北京时间晚1 1 小时。

　　国花：赛波花。

　　国鸟：棕灶鸟。

　　国名释义：阿根廷由拉丁语“白银”一词演变而来。其实阿根廷几乎不产银。这里的银可泛指财富。

　　世界之最：伊瓜苏瀑布为世界最著名的瀑布之一，为弧形，平均落差7 2 米。马德普拉塔为著名的海滨胜地，被誉为大西洋明珠。

Answer 4

没听说过的呢

Answer 5

Argentina is a country in southern South America. It ranks second in land area in South America, and eighth in the world.

Argentina occupies a continental surface area of 2,791,810 km² (1,078,000 sq mi) between the Andes mountain range in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east and south. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast, and Chile in the west and south. The country claims the British overseas territories of the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Under the name of Argentine Antarctica, it claims 969,464 km² (374,312 sq mi) of Antarctica, overlapping other claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom.

The name Argentina derives from the Latin argentum (silver). When the first Spanish conquistadors discovered the Río de la Plata, they named the estuary Mar Dulce ('Sweet Sea', as in a fresh water sea). Indigenous people gave gifts of silver to the survivors of the shipwrecked expedition, who were led by Juan Díaz de Solís. The legend of Sierra del Plata — a mountain rich in silver — reached Spain around 1524, and the name was first seen in print on a Venice map from 1536. The source of the silver was the area where the city of Potosí was to be founded in 1546. An expedition that followed the trail of the silver up the Paraná and Pilcomayo rivers finally reached the source only to find it already claimed by explorers who reached it from Lima, the capital of the Viceroyalty.

The name Argentina was first used extensively in Ruy Díaz de Guzmán's 1612 book Historia del descubrimiento, poblacin, y conquista del Río de la Plata (History of the discovery, population, and conquest of the Río de la Plata), naming the territory Tierra Argentina (Land of Silver).[1][2]

The first signs of human presence in Argentina are located in the Patagonia ( Piedra Museo, Santa Cruz), and date from 11,000 BC.[3] Around 1 AD, several corn-based civilizations developed in the western Andean region (Santa María, Huarpes, Diaguitas, Sanavirones, among others). In 1480 the Inca Empire, under the rule of emperor Pachacutec, launched an offensive and conquered present-day northwestern Argentina, integrating it into a region called Collasuyu. In the northeastern area, the Guaraní developed a culture based on yuca and sweet potato. The central and southern areas (Pampas and Patagonia) were dominated by nomadic cultures, unified in the 17th century by the Mapuches.

Buenos Aires in 1536Europeans arrived in 1502. Spain established a permanent colony on the site of Buenos Aires in 1580; the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was created in 1776. In 1806 and 1807 the British Empire launched two invasions to Buenos Aires, but the creole population repelled both attempts. On May 25, 1810, after confirmation of the rumors about the overthrow of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon, citizens of Buenos Aires took advantage of the situation and created the First Government Junta (May Revolution). Formal independence from Spain was declared on July 9, 1816 in Tucumán. In 1817, General José de San Martín crossed the Andes to free Chile and Peru, thus eliminating the Spanish threat. Centralist and federalist groups (Spanish: Unitarios and Federales) were in conflict until national unity was established and the constitution promulgated in 1853.

Foreign investment and immigration from Europe led to the adoption of modern agricultural techniques. In the 1880s, the "Conquest of the Desert" subdued or exterminated the remaining indigenous tribes throughout the southern Pampas and Patagonia.[4]

From 1880 to 1930, Argentina enjoyed increasing prosperity and prominence through an export-led economy, and the population of the country swelled sevenfold. Conservative forces dominated Argentine politics until 1916, when their traditional rivals, the Radicals, won control of the government. The military forced Hipólito Yrigoyen from power in 1930, leading to another decade of Conservative rule. Political change led to the presidency of Juan Perón in 1946, who tried to empower the working class and greatly expanded the number of unionized workers. The Revolución Libertadora of 1955 deposed him.

President Juan Perón (1946)From the 1950s to 1970s, soft military and weak civilian administrations traded power. During those years the economy grew strongly and poverty declined (less than 7% in 1975), but became increasingly protectionist. At the same time political violence continued to escalate. In 1973, Perón returned to the presidency, but he died within a year of assuming power. His third wife Isabel, the Vice President, succeeded him in office, but the military coup of March 24, 1976 removed her from office.

The armed forces took power through a junta in charge of the self-appointed National Reorganization Process until 1983. The military government repressed opposition and terrorist leftist groups using harsh illegal measures (the "Dirty War"); thousands of dissidents "disappeared", while the SIDE cooperated with DINA and other South American intelligence agencies, and with the CIA in Operation Condor. Many of the military leaders that took part in the Dirty War were trained in the U.S.-financed School of the Americas, among them Argentine dictators Leopoldo Galtieri and Roberto Viola. Economic problems, charges of corruption, public revulsion in the face of human rights abuses and, finally, the country's 1982 defeat by the British in the Falklands War discredited the Argentine military regime.

Democracy was restored in 1983. Raúl Alfonsín's Radical government took steps to account for the "disappeared", established civilian control of the armed forces, and consolidated democratic institutions. The members of the three military juntas were prosecuted and sentenced to life terms. Failure to resolve endemic economic problems and an inability to maintain public confidence led to Alfonsín's early departure six months before his term was to be completed.

President Carlos Menem imposed a peso-dollar fixed exchange rate in 1991 to stop hyperinflation and adopted far-reaching market-based policies, dismantling protectionist barriers and business regulations, and implementing a privatization program. These reforms contributed to significant increases in investment and growth with stable prices through most of the 1990s.

Protest against the corralito (2002)The Menem and de la Rúa administrations faced diminished competitiveness of exports, massive imports which damaged national industry and reduced employment, chronic fiscal and trade deficits, and the contagion of several economic crises. The Asian financial crisis in 1998 precipitated an outflow of capital that mushroomed into a recession, and culminated in a financial panic in November of 2001. The next month, amidst bloody riots, President de la Rúa finally resigned.

In two weeks, several presidents followed in quick succession, culminating in Eduardo Duhalde being appointed interim President of Argentina by the Legislative Assembly on 2 January 2002. Argentina defaulted on its international debt obligations. The peso's almost 11-year-old linkage to the U.S. dollar was abandoned, resulting in major depreciation of the peso and a spike in inflation.

With a more competitive and flexible exchange rate, the country started implementing new policies based on re-industrialization, import substitution, increased exports, and consistent fiscal and trade surpluses. By the end of 2002, the economy began to stabilize. In 2003, Néstor Kirchner was elected president. During Kirchner's presidency, Argentina restructured its defaulted debt with a steep discount (about 75 percent) on most bonds, payed off outstanding debts with the International Monetary Fund, renegotiated contracts with utilities, and nationalized some previously privatized industries. Currently, Argentina is enjoying a period of high economic growth and increased political stability.

[edit] Politics

[edit] Government

Congress building in Buenos AiresMain articles on politics and government of Argentina can be found at the Politics and government of Argentina series.

Argentina's political framework is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, in which the President of Argentina is both head of state and head of government, complemented by a pluriform multi-party system. The Argentine Constitution of 1853 mandates a separation of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches at the national and provincial level.

Executive power resides in the President and his cabinet. The President and Vice President are directly elected to 4-year terms, limited to two consecutive terms, and the cabinet ministers are appointed by the president.

Legislative power is vested in the bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Nación, consisting of a Senate (Senado) of 72 seats, and a Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) of 257 members. Senators serve 6-year terms, with one-third standing for reelection every 2 years. Members of the Chamber of Deputies are directly elected to 4-year term via a system of proportional representation, with half of the members of the lower house being elected every 2 years. A third of the candidates presented by the parties must be women.

The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Argentine Supreme Court of Justice has 9 members who are appointed by the President in consultation with the Senate. The rest of the judges are appointed by the Council of Magistrates of the Nation, a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, the Congress, and the executive. (see also law of Argentina)

[edit] Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Argentina

Argentina is a member of Mercosur, an international bloc which has some legislative supranational functions. Mercosur is composed of five full members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. It has five associate members without full voting rights: Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Current and Former Presidents of Brazil and Argentina on the 20th anniversary of the Mercosur.Argentina was the only country from Latin America to participate in the 1991 Gulf War under mandate of the United Nations, and in every phase of the Haiti operation. It has also contributed worldwide in peacekeeping operations, including in El Salvador-Honduras-Nicaragua, Guatemala, Ecuador-Peru, Western Sahara, Angola, Kuwait, Cyprus, Croatia, Kosovo, Bosnia and East Timor. In recognition of its contributions to international security, U.S. President Bill Clinton designated Argentina as a major non-NATO ally in January 1998. In 2005, it was elected as a temporary member of the UN Security Council.

In 2005, on November 4 and November 5, the Argentine city of Mar del Plata hosted the Fourth Summit of the Americas. This summit was marked by a number of anti-U.S. protests. As of 2006, Argentina has been emphasizing Mercosur as its first international priority; by contrast, during the 1990s, it relied more heavily on its relationship with the United States.

Argentina has long claimed sovereignty over the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, the South Shetland Islands, the South Sandwich Islands and almost 1 million km² in Antarctica, between the 25°W and the 74°W meridians and the 60°S parallel. This slice of the continent is known as Argentine Antarctica, which Argentina considers part of the national territory. For more than a century, there has been an Argentine presence at the Orcadas Base. Argentina is a founding signatory and permanent consulting member of the Antarctic Treaty System.

[edit] Military

The President is the Commander-in-Chief, and the military is under the control of the Defense Ministry. Argentina's military establishement has historically been one of the best equipped in the region (for example, developing its own advanced jet fighters as early as the 1950s),[5] but has faced expenditure cutbacks in comparison to other regional militaries. The age of allowable military service is 18 years; there is no obligatory military service and currently no conscription.

The military is composed of a traditional Army, Navy, and Air Force. Controlled by a separate ministry (the Interior Ministry), Argentine territorial waters are patrolled by the Naval Prefecture, and the border regions by the National Gendarmerie; both branches however maintain liasions with the Defense Ministry. They mostly perform patrols against organized crime, drug smuggling, and rescue operations of civilians in distress. Argentina's Armed Forces are currently performing major operations in Haiti and Cyprus, in accordance to specified UN mandates.

See also: Military of Argentina

[edit] Administrative divisions

Provinces of Argentina. Argentina claims control of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and a slice of Antarctica, both of which it considers a part of its Tierra del Fuego Province (23).Main article: Provinces of Argentina

See also: Governors in Argentina

Argentina is divided into 23 provinces (provincias; singular: provincia), and 1 autonomous city (commonly known as capital federal), marked with an asterisk:

Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires*

Buenos Aires (Province)

Catamarca

Chaco

Chubut

Córdoba

Corrientes

Entre Ríos

Formosa

Jujuy

La Pampa

La Rioja

Mendoza

Misiones

Neuquén

Río Negro

Salta

San Juan

San Luis

Santa Cruz

Santa Fe

Santiago del Estero

Tierra del Fuego

Tucumán

* The current official name for the federal district is Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.

Buenos Aires has been the capital of Argentina since its unification, but there have been projects to move the administrative centre elsewhere. During the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín a law was passed ordering the transfer of the federal capital to Viedma, a city in the Patagonian province of Río Negro. Studies were underway when economic problems killed the project in 1989. Though the law was never formally repealed, it has become a mere historical relic, and the project has been forgotten.

Provinces are divided into smaller secondary units called departamentos, or departments. There are 376 departments. The province of Buenos Aires has 134 similar divisions known as partidos. Departamentos and partidos are further subdivided into municipalities or districts.

In descending order by number of inhabitants, the major cities in Argentina are Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario, Mendoza, Tucumán, La Plata, Mar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina